Acute Left Ventricular Ballooning: Tools to Differentiate Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Outflow Obstruction from Neurohumoral Takotsubo Syndrome

Despite considerable interest in the syndrome of acute left ventricular (LV) ballooning, its pathophysiology has remained ill-defined. In this review, we explore observational data describing two etiologies LV ballooning: neurohumoral classic Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS), and severe unrelenting outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We describe clinical presentation varying these presentations, how echocardiography cardiac catheterization may help differentiate between etiologies, detail differences management. highlight significant overlap as well key differentiating features conditions, aim to improve diagnostic awareness accuracy appropriately tailor therapy.